Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy-related macrophage polarization.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) are widely used for therapeutic purposes in preclinical studies. However, their utility in treating diabetes-associated atherosclerosis remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to characterize BMSC-EV-mediated regulation of autophagy and macrophage polarization.

Methods

EVs were isolated from the supernatant of cultured BMSCs and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. A diabetes-related atherosclerotic ApoE^-/- mouse model was established through feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Histopathological analyses were carried out using Oil Red O, H&E, and Masson stainin

SUBMITTER: Liu L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11780875 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature