Smokeless, not harmless: Understanding Naswar's cardiovascular risks in the northwestern Pakistan.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Tobacco use has a major impact on mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD). Naswar, a smokeless tobacco (SLT) product predominantly used in the northwestern part of Pakistan, has not been explored for its association with CAD. World Health Organization also expresses the need for further studies to thoroughly understand effects of different SLT products on CAD across various populations. This study explores the association between Naswar use and CAD in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Methods

This case-control study recruited 112 CAD cases and 112 controls from tertiary care hospitals between July 2021 and August 2022. Consecutive sampling facilitated data collection through interviews using pre-structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses compute

SUBMITTER: Rahman I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11783110 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature