Immune-related encephalitis after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment but can trigger immune-related encephalitis. We report one of the largest case series of patients with immune-related encephalitis and review of the literature.

Methods

Retrospective series of patients with immune-related encephalitis and literature review.

Results

Fourteen patients with cancer treated with ICI (50% combination therapy) developed immune-related encephalitis. Diagnostic testing revealed cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis (85%) and elevated protein (69%), abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) (33%) or brain FDG-PET (25%), electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities (30%), and autoantibodies (31%). Encephalitis treatment included: corticosteroids (86

SUBMITTER: Buckley MW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11783331 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature