Global, regional, and national cardiovascular disease burden attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the GBD 2021 Study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Smoking poses a serious threat to cardiovascular health. The aim of the study is to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of smoking-attributable cardiovascular disease (CVD) and set priorities for future tobacco control.

Methods

Data on deaths and years lived with disability (YLDs) for smoking-related CVD from 1990 to 2021, including age-standardized rates (ASRs), were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. This study is a secondary descriptive analysis of the GBD 2021 data. We used the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to reflect temporal trends in disease burden and conducted a sensitivity analysis using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to corroborate the findings. We also analyzed the relationship between diseas

SUBMITTER: Zhu S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11784507 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature