The <i>homie</i> insulator has sub-elements with different insulating and long-range pairing properties.

ABSTRACT: Chromatin insulators are major determinants of chromosome architecture. Specific architectures induced by insulators profoundly influence nuclear processes, including how enhancers and promoters interact over long distances and between homologous chromosomes. Insulators can pair with copies of themselves in trans to facilitate homolog pairing. They can also pair with other insulators, sometimes with great specificity, inducing long-range chromosomal loops. Contrary to their canonical function of enhancer blocking, these loops can bring distant enhancers and promoters together to activate gene expression, while at the same time blocking other interactions in cis. The details of these effects depend on the choice of pairing partner, and on the orientation specificity of pairing

SUBMITTER: Fujioka M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11785010 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature