Physical health in young males and risk of chronic musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases by middle age: A population-based cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal disease are among the leading causes of disability in middle-aged and older people. Health and lifestyle factors in youth have known associations with cardiovascular or respiratory disease in adulthood, but largely unknown associations with musculoskeletal disease.

Methods and findings

We included approximately 40,000 18-year-old Swedish males, who completed their conscription examination in 1969 to 1970, followed up until age of 60 years. Exposures of interest were physical health: body mass and height, blood pressure, pulse at rest, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and hematocrit; self-reported lifestyle: smoking, alcohol, and drug use; self-reported health: overall, headache and gastrointestinal. We fo

SUBMITTER: Turkiewicz A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11793790 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature