Clinical symptoms and functional impairment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-morbid tic disorder (TD) patients: a cluster-based investigation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tic disorder (TD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently occur in childhood, and these two disorders often coexist. Cluster analysis provides a novel perspective on the heterogeneity of these commonly observed clinical disorders.

Methods

We recruited patients with comorbid ADHD and TD from Beijing Children's Hospital between May 2022 and August 2023, collecting data on their symptoms and functional impairments. The number of clusters was determined using the elbow method, and K-means clustering was conducted. Fisher discriminant analysis and silhouette score were used for validation. Additionally, we assessed premonitory urge, strengths, and difficulties among groups. We also collected sample

SUBMITTER: Jiang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11796001 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature