Platycodon grandiflorum-derived extracellular vesicles suppress triple-negative breast cancer growth by reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and modulating the gut microbiota.

ABSTRACT: Despite the approval of several artificial nanotherapeutics for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), significant challenges, including unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes, severe side effects, and the high cost of large-scale production, still restrict their long-term application. In contrast, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) exhibit promising potential in cancer therapy due to their negligible systemic toxicity, high bioavailability and cost- effectiveness. In this study, we developed an alternative strategy to inhibit TNBC via Platycodon grandiflorum (PG)-derived extracellular vesicles (PGEVs). The PGEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and sucrose gradient centrifugation method and contained adequate functional components such as proteins, lipids, RNAs a

SUBMITTER: Yang M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11804104 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature