A 'torn bag mechanism' of small extracellular vesicle release via limiting membrane rupture of en bloc released amphisomes (amphiectosomes).

ABSTRACT: Recent studies showed an unexpected complexity of extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis pathways. We previously found evidence that human colorectal cancer cells in vivo release large multivesicular body-like structures en bloc. Here, we tested whether this large EV type is unique to colorectal cancer cells. We found that all cell types we studied (including different cell lines and cells in their original tissue environment) released multivesicular large EVs (MV-lEVs). We also demonstrated that upon spontaneous rupture of the limiting membrane of the MV-lEVs, their intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) escaped to the extracellular environment by a 'torn bag mechanism'. We proved that the MV-lEVs were released by ectocytosis of amphisomes (hence, we termed them amphiectosomes). Both ILVs of amphiec

SUBMITTER: Visnovitz T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11805505 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature