Escherichia coli combination with PD-1 blockade synergistically enhances immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme by regulating the immune cells.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary intracranial malignancy. It is characterized by insufficient infiltration of anti-tumor T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering it an "immune cold" disease. This immune deficiency results in poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated that bacteria can proliferate within tumors and activate immune responses. Therefore, in this study, we employed Escherichia coli (E. coli) in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies to treat GBM, with the aim of exploring the immune-activating potential of E. coli in GBM and its synergistic effect on anti-PD-1 therapy.

Methods

The E. coli and anti-PD-1 antibody therapy were administered in

SUBMITTER: Li G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11806791 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature