Transdermal Insulin Delivery Using Ionic Liquid-Mediated Nanovesicles for Diabetes Treatment.

ABSTRACT: Transdermal insulin delivery is a promising method for diabetes management, providing the potential for controlled, sustained release and prolonged insulin effectiveness. However, the large molecular weight of insulin hinders its passive absorption through the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, and high doses of insulin are required, which limits the commercial viability. We developed ethosome (ET) and trans-ethosome (TET) nanovesicle formulations containing a biocompatible lipid-based ionic liquid, [EDMPC][Lin], dissolved in 35% ethanol. TET formulations were obtained by adding isopropyl myristate (IPM), Tween-80, or Span-20 as surfactants to ET formulations. Dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies revea

SUBMITTER: Nabila FH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11808643 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature