Extended reality used in the treatment of phantom limb pain: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT:

Abstract

Phantom limb pain (PLP) represents a significant challenge after amputation. This study investigated the use of phantom motor execution (PME) and phantom motor imagery (PMI) facilitated by extended reality (XR) for the treatment of PLP. Both treatments used XR, but PME involved overt execution of phantom movements, relying on the decoding of motor intent using machine learning to enable real-time control in XR. In contrast, PMI involved mental rehearsal of phantom movements guided by XR. The study hypothesized that PME would be superior to PMI. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 9 outpatient clinics across 7 countries. Eighty-one participants with PLP were randomly assigned to PME or PMI training. The primary outcome was the change in

SUBMITTER: Lendaro E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11808706 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature