Harnessing tomato-derived small extracellular vesicles as drug delivery system for cancer therapy.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

This study aims to explore a sustainable and scalable approach using tomato fruit-derived sEVs (TsEVs) to deliver calcitriol for enhanced anticancer effects, addressing challenges of low yield and high costs associated with mammalian cell-derived sEVs.

Methods

TsEVs were isolated by centrifugation and ultrafiltration and characterized using DLS, TEM, and biochemical assays. Calcitriol was loaded into TsEVs via loading methods, with efficiency measured by spectrophotometry and HPLC. HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells were treated with TsEV-calcitriol and assessed for viability, colony formation, migration, ROS levels, and apoptosis gene expression.

Results

Isolated TsEVs ranged from 30-200 nm with a protein-to-lipid ratio of ∼1. Calcitriol encapsulation efficiencie

SUBMITTER: Sarwareddy KK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11812386 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature