Short-term and long-term effect of non-pharmacotherapy for adults with ADHD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition with a global prevalence of 2.5% to 6.7% among adults. Non-pharmacological interventions have demonstrated effectiveness both as standalone treatments and adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in managing adult ADHD. Nevertheless, the comparative efficacy of these interventions, particularly with respect to diverse ADHD-related outcomes and their long-term impacts, remains insufficiently investigated.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate and compare the short-term and long-term effects of various non-pharmacological therapies on core ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) and emotional disorders (depression and anxiety) in adults with ADHD and to rank these thera

SUBMITTER: Yang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11825462 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature