Total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and free testosterone concentrations and risk of primary liver cancer: A prospective analysis of 200,000 men and 180,000 postmenopausal women.

ABSTRACT: In most countries, males have ~2-3 times higher incidence of primary liver cancer than females. Sex hormones have been hypothesized to contribute to these differences, but the evidence remains unclear. Using data from the UK Biobank, which included ~200,000 males and ~180,000 postmenopausal females who provided blood samples at recruitment, we estimated hazard ratios (HR₂) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a doubling in hormone concentration from multivariable adjusted Cox regression for circulating total testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and free testosterone concentrations and risk of primary liver cancer. After a median of 11.8 years of follow-up, 531 cases of primary liver cancer were observed, of which 366 occurred in males and 165 occurred in females.

SUBMITTER: Watling CZ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11826138 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature