Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Involuntary musical imagery is considered a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide, while mixed and inconsistent results regarding different aspects of earworms remain challenging. Furthermore, there is a special need for research on earworms in societies other than in European or American. The primary aim of our study is to validate the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (PIMIS) and, secondly, to carry out a detailed exploration of earworms among Iranian college students.

Methods

A total of 946 Iranian college students were recruited to answer the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (PIMIS), and gold standards including the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ, to convergent validity), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21, to concurrent validi

SUBMITTER: Tabahori A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11827679 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature