Development of a predictive nomogram for testicular sperm extraction outcomes in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia using testicular volume, follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and testosterone levels as key parameters.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a prevalent cause of male infertility, characterized by the lack of sperm in the ejaculate due to impaired spermatogenesis. Accurate prediction of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) outcomes is pivotal for counseling and managing patients, yet remains challenging due to variability in clinical presentations. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for TESE outcomes in patients with NOA.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 425 patients who visited the Andrology Outpatient Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2010 and January 2024. Of these, 216 had positive sperm retrieval, and 209 had negative outcomes. We compared testicular volume, reproductive hormone levels, and other clinic

SUBMITTER: Zhou Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11833535 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature