Radiological assessment of lower limb torsional deformities: a narrative review.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

The evaluation of both femoral and tibial torsional profiles remains a challenge in the orthopedic practice since there is no agreement on the most precise and reliable measurement method and technique. The aim of this review is to collect and critically report the most relevant and up-to-date evidence on the radiological techniques available to determine lower limb torsional deformities and to discuss the advantages and limitations of each technique to better define their optimal field of application.

Methods

Literature research on PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases was performed, utilizing the following search string: "torsion" AND ("lower limb" OR "femur" OR "tibia"). Relevant clinical and preclinical studies evaluating different radiolo

SUBMITTER: Conte P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11836740 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature