Modified aluminum (Al)-hematoxylin stain for detection of Al in sheep and cat tissues: an animal model for the study of Al-associated conditions.

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) has been an effective adjuvant in vaccines for nearly a century in animals and humans. Al can induce persistent granulomatous inflammatory responses characterized by macrophages with large granular, blue-gray cytoplasm sometimes with intracytoplasmic structures known as crystalloid bodies. These granulomas have been linked to proliferative and neoplastic conditions at injection sites in animal and humans. The detection of Al in tissue is crucial but current methods are time-intensive and require specialized training. This study highlights the efficacy of the modified Al-hematoxylin (MAH) technique in animals. Tissues from Al-induced lesions in sheep and cats were examined, along with non-aluminum granulomas as controls and MAH results were confirmed with lumogallion staining.

SUBMITTER: Perez E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11839877 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature