Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker in females through sex-specific metabolomic-pharmacodynamic divergence.

ABSTRACT: Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ESW), a medicinal insect used in traditional Chinese medicine, is renowned for its effects on blood circulation, stasis resolution, and bone and tendon healing. The underlying reasons for the clinical preference for female ESW remain unclear. Previous investigations were limited in scope, focusing narrowly on female specimens, large-molecule compounds, and single pharmacological effect. This study systematically compared female and male ESW in terms of composition and therapeutic efficacy. Metabolomics identified 31 compound types in both female and male ESW, including lipids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Female ESW exhibited significantly higher levels of 8 bioactive compounds, 15 small peptides, and 13 prostaglandins compared to male ESW, which contribute to

SUBMITTER: Fei C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11839932 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature