Rheumatoid arthritis associated cytokines and therapeutics modulate immune checkpoint receptor expression on T cells.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

We investigated the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated cytokines and standard of care (SOC) RA therapeutics on immune checkpoint receptor (IR) expression on T cells to gain insights to disease pathology and therapeutic avenues.

Methods

We assessed IR expression by flow cytometry on T cell receptor activated T cells cultured in the presence of exogenously added single cytokines or RA patient synovial fluid. We also assessed RA synovial fluid stimulated samples in the presence of various single cytokine neutralizing antibodies or SOC therapeutics, including glucocorticoids, TNF, IL-6 receptor and JAK inhibitors. In addition to IR expression, we measured the impact on cytokine secretion profiles.

Results

RA-associated cytokines modulated IR expre

SUBMITTER: Emerson D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11840260 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature