Cytoplasmic Shift of Interferon Regulatory Factors Co-Evolved With Jawed Vertebrate Innate Immunity.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of jaws in early vertebrates introduced a novel feeding apparatus and powerful oral defenses, but it also increased the risk of physical injury and pathogen exposure. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play critical roles in orchestrating innate immunity and inflammation in response to invading microbes and tissue damage, with their subcellular localization being essential to some IRFs' function. Our results indicate that IRF members underwent independent expansion and diversification in two distinct vertebrate lineages: jawed and jawless vertebrates. The jawed vertebrate-specific factor, IRF5, has maintained conserved nuclear export sequences throughout evolution, while newly diversified IRF members in jawed vertebrates have acquired cytoplasmic localization. This cytoplas

SUBMITTER: Hubing V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11841930 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature