A Case of Concomitant Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy and Secondary Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Retinopathy.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a rare inflammatory retinal disease with rapid outer retinal function loss, photopsias, unremarkable fundus findings, and electroretinography abnormalities. AZOOR diagnosis can be challenging due to its overlap with other retinal conditions, such as acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome and autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs). Multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography, has improved detection, revealing progressive outer retinal damage. Although the etiology of AZOOR remains uncertain, autoimmune mechanisms and viral associations have been proposed. Recent studies have identified anti-retinal antibodies, complicating differentiation from other AIRs.

Case presentation</

SUBMITTER: Khan S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11842096 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature