Ethanol inhibits the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing immunogenic cell death.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can elicit an adaptive immune response with significant antitumor effects. Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy has been applied as tumor ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it was not clear whether ethanol can elicit ICD. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of ethanol as an ICD inducer.

Methods

HCC cell lines were treated with low-concentration ethanol and ICD markers, such as calreticulin, high-mobility group box 1, and ATP were assayed. The mouse vaccination-rechallenge assay was used to further confirm ethanol as an ICD inducer. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to investigate ICD-related endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and signaling pathways. The genes with differential expression le

SUBMITTER: Hsu YC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11843001 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature