Hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices.

ABSTRACT: The ubiquitous occurrence of toroidal vortices, or vortex rings, in fluid dynamics scenarios in nature has garnered notable attention in the scientific community, while their electromagnetic counterparts have only been proposed recently with two distinct manifestations: vector toroidal pulses and scalar phase toroidal vortices. Herein, we theoretically propose a form of electromagnetic toroidal vortex solutions that uniquely integrates both scalar and vector characteristics, challenging the prevailing notion of their mutual exclusivity. We also present an experimental generation of hybrid toroidal vortex pulses by a compact coaxial horn emitter augmented with a radial metasurface. These topological pulses exhibit peculiar electromagnetic features, such as vortex streets, skyrmions, and tra

SUBMITTER: Wang R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11844730 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature