Semen Quality Measures in Hookah and Cigarette Smokers Compared to Nonsmokers.

ABSTRACT: Background: The relationship between smoking and human health is a well-researched and continuously evolving field. The impact of smoking on semen quality, and consequently on male fertility, has also been explored, though most studies have primarily focused on cigarette smoking rather than hookah smoking. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the effects of hookah and cigarette smoking on semen parameters in a sample of Jordanian males. Methods: A total of 558 participants were prospectively recruited, including 300 cigarette smokers, 95 hookah smokers, and 163 nonsmokers (control). Semen analysis was performed approximately 1 h after ejaculation following the World Health Organization guidelines (2021). Results: Interestingly, semen vol

SUBMITTER: Hamadneh J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11850069 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature