Gender disparities in job flexibility, job security, psychological distress, work absenteeism, and work presenteeism among U.S. adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

While international research has examined the relationship between job characteristics and mental health, including gender differences, few studies have assessed these associations at the national level in the U.S., which has unique labor markets, health care systems, and societal structures that may exacerbate gender disparities. This study investigates gender differences in the associations between job flexibility, job security, mental health outcomes, work absenteeism, work presenteeism, and mental health care utilization among a representative sample of working U.S. adults.

Methods

We analyzed cross-sectional population-based survey data from employed adults in the 2021 National Health Interview Survey. Job characteristics included perceived job flexibility an

SUBMITTER: Wang ML 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11850157 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature