Early detection of Parkinson's disease through multiplex blood and urine biomarkers prior to clinical diagnosis.

ABSTRACT: Blood and urine biomarkers are commonly used to diagnose and monitor chronic diseases. We initially screened 67 biomarkers, including 4 urine biomarkers and 63 blood biomarkers, and identified 13 blood biomarkers significantly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Among these, we discovered three novel markers demonstrating strong associations: phosphate (P = 1.81 × 10^-3), AST/ALT ratio (P = 8.53 × 10^-6), and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) (P = 3.49 × 10^-20). We also substantiated eight well-studied biomarkers and elucidated the roles of two previously ambiguous biomarkers. Our analyses confirmed IGF-1 (P = 7.46 × 10^-29) as a risk factor, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 1.43 × 10^-3) as protective against PD. Genetic analysi

SUBMITTER: Gao S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11850829 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature