Pre-Concentration Freezing Alters the Composition of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Conditioned Medium.

ABSTRACT: Batch-to-batch reproducibility and robust quality assessment are crucial for producing cell-free biologics, such as conditioned medium (CM) derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). This study investigated the effects of freezing CM at -80 °C prior to concentration, a step that could occur in large scale pipelines, compared to freshly processed CM. Quality assessment included total protein quantification; extracellular vesicle evaluation using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cytofluorimetry; and biochemical analysis using Raman spectroscopy. The freezing process resulted in a 34% reduction in total protein content, as confirmed for selected bioactive mediators, and significant depletion of specific particle types, particularly lar

SUBMITTER: Cadelano F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11852129 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature