Burden of cardiometabolic diseases and depression in a low-income, urban community in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey.

ABSTRACT:

Background

With the rising epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in low- and middle-income countries, urban populations face unique challenges such as poor sanitation, environmental pollution, and limited access to healthcare. This study estimates the point prevalence of CMDs and associated risk factors in adults in Karachi, analyses CMD prevalence by sex, and explores the relationship between CMDs and depression.

Methods

A door-to-door survey was conducted in a densely populated urban community within a 0.5 km radius of a primary health centre. A minimum of 1,480 families were required to estimate the prevalence of CMDs. Depression was screened using PHQ-2 and assessed with PHQ-9. Descriptive analyses summarized family-level sociodemographic data. Sex-specific differe

SUBMITTER: Khan UI 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11852865 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature