Relationship of tobacco smoking to cause-specific mortality: contemporary estimates from Australia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Tobacco industry activities and reduced smoking prevalence can foster under-appreciation of risks and under-investment in tobacco control. Reliable evidence on contemporary smoking impacts, including cause-specific mortality and attributable deaths, remains critical.

Methods

Prospective study of 178,169 cancer- and cardiovascular-disease-free individuals aged ≥ 45 years joining the 45 and Up Study in 2005-2009, with linked questionnaire, hospitalisation, cancer registry and death data to November 2017. Cause-specific mortality hazard ratios (HR) by smoking status, intensity and recency were estimated, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Population attributable fractions were estimated.

Results

There were 13,608 deaths during 9.3 years median follow-

SUBMITTER: Joshy G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11854379 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature