Lymphocyte Inhibition Mechanisms and Immune Checkpoints in COVID-19: Insights into Prognostic Markers and Disease Severity.

ABSTRACT: Background and Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and TIM-3 play an important role in regulating the host immune response and are proposed as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in severe cases of COVID-19. We evaluated the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells, as well as the concentration of sPD-1 in plasma, to clarify the role of these molecules in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analysed the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells upon admission and after 7 days of hospitalisation in 770 adult patients. We also evaluated sPD-1 levels in the plasma of 145 patients at different stages of COVID-19 and of 11 control subjects. Molecu

SUBMITTER: Schniederova M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11857393 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature