The Role of Stone Materials, Environmental Factors, and Management Practices in Vascular Plant-Induced Deterioration: Case Studies from Pompeii, Herculaneum, Paestum, and Velia Archaeological Parks (Italy).

ABSTRACT: The biodeterioration process involves the alteration of stone monuments by living organisms, such as bacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, and vascular plants, combined with abiotic factors, resulting in physical and chemical damage to historic buildings. This study aims to investigate the role of the vascular plants affecting four archaeological parks in Campania-Pompeii, Herculaneum, Paestum, and Velia-by analyzing correlations with building materials, exposure, and conservation status. To represent species associations and their coverage percentages at each site, transects of one square meter were employed. The hazard index (HI) was applied to evaluate the impact of the identified biodeteriogens. A total of 117 species were detected across 198 samples collected from the four s

SUBMITTER: Cozzolino A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11859654 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature