Pharmacokinetics of Snake Antivenom Following Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Envenomed Large Animal Model.

ABSTRACT: Background: The parenteral administration of antivenoms is the mainstay in snakebite envenoming therapy. The standardized protocol does not exist, but it is agreed that the intravenous (i.v.) route is more effective than the others, especially the intramuscular (i.m.) route, based on the monitoring of venom/antivenom pharmacokinetics in the systemic circulation. Recent evidence suggests that the lymphatic system may be crucial in abolishing venom action. Methods: A preclinical study was performed to determine the optimal administration route with emphasis on venom/antivenom interplay in both the blood and lymph of experimentally envenomed sheep. Timed level measurements were used to compare the antivenom effect on the decrement of venom quantities in both releva

SUBMITTER: Gamulin E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11859798 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature