Ozone Exposure and Gestational Diabetes in Twin Pregnancies: Exploring Critical Windows and Synergistic Risks.

ABSTRACT: The relationship between ozone (O₃) exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in twin pregnancies remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between O₃ exposure and GDM risk in twin pregnancies, and to explore the synergistic effects of O₃ exposure with other maternal factors. A total of 428 pregnancies recruited from a prospective twin cohort were included. Cox proportional hazard models with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were applied to examine the associations between O₃ exposure and the risk of GDM and to identify the critical windows. The multiplicative and additive interaction were further analyzed to test the synergistic effects. A 10 μg/m³ increase in average O₃ exposure du

SUBMITTER: Zhao A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11860467 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature