Causal effects of education, intelligence, and income on COVID-19: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) and intelligence on COVID-19 outcomes are not yet understood with regard to their dependency on income. The objective of our study was to examine the overall as well as independent effects of the three psychosocial factors on the susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19. To accomplish this, we utilized genetic correlation, Mendelian randomization (MR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate genetic associations between EA, intelligence, household income, and three specific COVID-19 outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, and critical COVID-19.

Results

The genetic correlation analysis revealed that COVID-19 outcomes were negatively correlated with the three psychosocial factors

SUBMITTER: Song Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11863516 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature