The persistence of failure in water, sanitation and hygiene programming: a qualitative study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) causes millions of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years annually. Despite global progress towards universal WASH, much of WASH programming continues to fail to improve health outcomes or be sustainable in the longer term, consistently falling short of internal performance indicators and sometimes negatively impacting the well-being of local stakeholders. Although sector experts in high-income countries have often provided explanations for such failures, the opinions of those implementing WASH programming at the ground level are rarely published.

Methods

In 2020, we purposively recruited 108 front-line WASH professionals in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe to participate in 96 in-depth interviews, explai

SUBMITTER: Barrington DJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11865792 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature