Effects of cigarette smoking on retinal thickness and choroidal vascularity index: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Smoking increases oxidative stress, affecting the vascular endothelium by decreasing the antioxidant vitamin C and disrupting regular nitric oxide activity. It reduces blood flow in the retina and choroid due to increased vascular resistance and compromised choroidal blood flow regulation compared to nonsmokers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the impact of cigarette smoking on retinal thickness and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases, including Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Embase, adhering to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Observational studies were selected to explore the relationships between smoking and ocular parameters such as CVI, full-

SUBMITTER: Quiroz-Reyes MA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11866857 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature