Human GM-CSF/IL-3 enhance tumor immune infiltration in humanized HCC patient-derived xenografts.

ABSTRACT:

Background & aims

Response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is suboptimal with no biomarkers to guide patient selection. "Humanized" mice represent promising models to address this deficiency but are limited by variable chimerism and underdeveloped myeloid compartments. We hypothesized that expression of human GM-CSF and IL-3 increases tumor immune cell infiltration, especially myeloid-derived cells, in humanized HCC patient-derived xenografts.

Material and methods

NOG (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγ^null) and NOG-EXL (huGM-CSF/huIL-3 NOG) mice conditioned with busulfan underwent i.v. injection of human CD34+ cells. HCC patient-derived xenograft tumors were then implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically. Following serial blood sampling, mice were eut

SUBMITTER: Weinfurtner K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11869099 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature