The associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2016.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This study aimed to investigate the associations between evening eating and quality of energy and macronutrients and obesity among U.S. adults.

Subjects/methods

This study adopted the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2016), which involved a total of 27,911 participants. The differences in the ratios of energy and macronutrients with it is subgroups at dinner versus breakfast (ΔRatio) were categorized into quartiles. The differences in the consumption of 17 types of food at dinner versus breakfast (ΔFoods) were considered as continuous variables. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to define general obesity (30.0 ≤ BMI < 40.0), morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0), and abdominal obesity (WC > 102 cm for men or WC 

SUBMITTER: Hou W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11869462 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature