Moderating effects of insomnia on the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: focus on gender differences.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To investigate the rates of depressive symptoms in college students, explore the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolites and depressive symptoms and their gender differences, and further explore the moderating role of insomnia in this association.

Methods

A total of 1 179 college students were recruited from 2 universities in Hefei and Shangrao cities from April to May 2019. The depressive symptoms and insomnia of college students were investigated by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and Insomnia Severity Index. The high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was adapted to determine the concentration of urinary phthalate metabolites. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship of phthalate metabolites with de

SUBMITTER: Li T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11869618 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature