Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i): Mechanisms of resistance and where to find them.

ABSTRACT: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have significantly impacted on the treatment of HR + HER2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (BC) when combined with endocrine therapy. Nonetheless, despite significant research efforts, the mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to CDK4/6i have not yet been fully elucidated, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these process. Additionally, the importance of dissecting CDK4/6i resistance from endocrine resistance for personalized treatment is increasingly recognized. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive tool for identifying circulating biomarkers of resistance through the integration of multiparametric and dynamic assessments that encompass ctDNA, CTCs, exosomes, and epigenetic ctDNA alterations, representing a promising

SUBMITTER: Foffano L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11872392 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature