Facile synthesis of ultratough conductive gels with swelling and freezing resistance for flexible sensor applications.

ABSTRACT: The application of flexible hydrogel sensors in extreme environments, such as low temperatures, underwater, or significant mechanical deformations, poses considerable challenges. Here, we present a simple one-pot method to fabricate ultra-tough, swelling- and freezing-resistant conductive organohydrogels without external conductive and freeze-resistant fillers. During gelation, by-products (C₆H₁₅NHCl, KCl) provide both conductivity and antifreeze properties, thus eliminating compatibility issues and dispersion challenges associated with external fillers. The resulting gel exhibits super toughness, with tensile strength reaching 10.2 MPa and stretchability up to 800% in the dry state. Following covalent crosslinking, the gel demonstrates excellent anti-swelling propert

SUBMITTER: Lu P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11873186 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature