Structural insights into pyridinium-based dicationic surfactants at harsh conditions: Influence of spacer groups on thermal stability and surface properties.

ABSTRACT: The structural properties of surfactants are essential for understanding their behavior and sustainability under extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and varying salinities. In this study, four pyridinium-based dicationic surfactants with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic spacer groups were synthesized and structurally characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface tension measurements were conducted to investigate the influence of spacer groups on thermal stability and surface properties. The results demonstrated that all four surfactants demonstrated remarkable solubility in various aqueous environments-seawater (SW), deionized water (DW), and formation water (FW)-at both ambient and elevated temperatures (90 °C), with no phase separation or cloudiness observed

SUBMITTER: Israr M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11875821 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature