The effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity on healthcare costs: a longitudinal cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Research indicates major risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and physical inactivity contribute significantly to global disease burden and healthcare costs. However, these studies have challenges, such as increased bias and uncertainty arising from use of population attributable fractions (PAF) and the issue of reverse causality in cross-sectional data. This study aims to evaluate the long-term healthcare costs associated with these behaviors using a longitudinal cohort.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database (NHIS-NSC 2.0), covering 2002-2019. The cohort included individuals aged 40-69 years who underwent health examinations in 2002-2004 and had no pre-exist

SUBMITTER: Kim Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11881326 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature