Functional hydrogels promote chronic infectious wound healing by re-rousing macrophage M1 and inducing bacterial copper-like death.

ABSTRACT: Traditional antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilm-associated infections, and biofilm-induced macrophage immune evasion directly halts the wound healing process. Disrupting biofilms and regulating macrophage immune functions are critical to improving wound healing. In this study, we synthesized g-C₃N₄ with peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity via thermal polymerization and copper alginate microspheres (CAM) via gas cutting. These were co-encapsulated into GelMA hydrogels to form a functionalized wound repair system (GelMA/CAM@g-C₃N₄) with both anti-biofilm and local immune microenvironment remodeling capabilities. In vitro, this system exhibited excellent biocompatibility and promoted endothelial cell migration, vascular formation, and CD3

SUBMITTER: Xiang C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11883446 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature