Combined effects and timing of robotic training and botulinum toxin on upper limb spasticity and motor function: a single‑blinded randomized controlled pilot study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of robotic training (RT) and botulinum toxin (BTX) injections on motor function and spasticity in individuals with post-stroke upper limb spasticity (ULS). We also sought to investigate the optimal timing of RT and BTX administration.

Methods

Forty-two participants with chronic stroke-induced ULS were initially enrolled and randomized into four groups: Group B4R4 (RT + BTX at 4 weeks [W4]), Group B0R0 (RT + BTX at baseline [W0]), Group B0R4 (BTX at W0, RT at W4), and Group B4R0 (RT at W0, BTX at W4). Clinical assessments and robotic kinematic evaluations were performed at W0, W4, and 8 weeks (W8). The primary outcome was the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) score, and secondary outcomes included the modified Ashworth sc

SUBMITTER: Shin JH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11884042 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature