The case-only design is a powerful approach to detect interactions but should be used with caution.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The case-only design is a powerful approach to identify gene × gene and gene × environment interactions for complex traits. It has been demonstrated that for the case-only design to be valid the genetic and environmental factors must be independent in the population. Additionally, there is a rare disease assumption for the case-only design, but the impact of disease prevalence and other factors, e.g., size of main effects, on type I and II error rates has not been investigated.

Methods

Through theoretical and extensive simulation studies, we investigated type I error, power, and bias of interaction term for a wide variety of disease prevalences, main and interaction effect sizes, sample sizes, and variant and environmental exposure frequencies.

Results

For

SUBMITTER: Dong R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11884093 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature