Mycobacterium celatum encephalitis in an immunocompromised host mimicking autoimmune striatal encephalitis: the first case report.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Encephalitis is rarely caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which is generally not considered a highly virulent pathogen. However, NTM encephalitis in immunocompromised hosts occurs with varied clinical presentations, posing a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. This study aims to describe an atypical case of NTM encephalitis caused by Mycobacterium celatum, which has not previously been reported to infect the central nervous system of immunocompromised hosts, mimicking autoimmune striatal encephalitis (ASE).

Case presentation

A 35-year-old immunosuppressed woman presented with prolonged fever for 4 months and rapidly progressive cognitive decline for 3 months. Neurological examination showed impaired cognition and parkinsonism. Laboratory testing w

SUBMITTER: Taweephol T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11884120 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature