Levels of Processing Effects on Memory for Color-Object Associations.

ABSTRACT: The levels of processing effect demonstrates that deeper encoding (processing meaning) enhances memory retention more than shallow encoding (processing perceptual features). While extensively studied with verbal materials, limited research has addressed this effect using nonverbal materials such as pictures. Previous studies have used pleasantness judgments to induce deep encoding and judgments of straight lines to induce shallow encoding. However, these tasks confound level of processing with other factors like task relevance, self-reference, and attentional scope, offering alternative explanations for observed memory performance differences. This online study (N = 307) tested the levels of processing framework for pictures using novel encoding tasks to isolate the effect of semant

SUBMITTER: Dubravac M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11887462 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature